农田打药装置设计.zip

I摘摘 要要“国以民为本，民以食为天”，中国不仅是一个农业大国，而且是一个人口大国，创造了以百分之五的土地养了全世界百分之二十人口的奇迹，但是中国距离世界农业强国还有很大的差距。国家近年来是越来越重视“三农”问题，但可耕地面积持续减少的情况依然很不容乐观。我国四大粮食作物小麦、稻谷、玉米、马铃薯仍保持供需“紧平衡”的形势下，到目前为止市场对农化产品的需求不会改变。这就要求我们需要粮食作物的高产、稳产，以满足人们的日常需求。这时候植保机械的重要性就体现出来了。植物保护是保证农业高产、稳产，夺取全面丰收的一个重要环节，而植保机械则是实现这一目的必不可少的生产工具。加快推进植保机械化，提高植物病虫草害防治能力已成为保障我国粮食安全和促进农业可持续发展的必然选择。植保机械中使用频率最高的就是喷杆喷雾打药机械。国外的大型先进性喷雾机械，对于保证作物的生长高产具有重要作用，但是由于其昂贵的价格以及操作的复杂性等原因，导致我国喷杆喷雾机的保有量不高。喷杆喷雾机是以发动机为动力，装有横喷杆或吊杆（竖喷杆）的喷雾机，可以广泛用于作物的播前、苗前土壤处理、化学处理草害和病虫害防治等作物生长的各个时期。喷杆喷雾机移动方便、喷幅宽、喷洒均匀、效率高，是一种理想的大田作物植保机械，在我国广大农业地区发挥着巨大的作用。大田农作物中“机器背着人”喷雾作业最常见的就是采用大田喷杆喷雾机进行喷雾作业。这种自走式喷杆喷雾方式作业效率高，农药沉积分布均匀，不仅适合大面积农田的病虫草害的防治需要，还适合大面喷洒植物生长调节剂的需要，是一种理想的适合大田作物的喷雾技术。我国植保机械生产厂家适时地研发推出了一批轻便大田喷杆喷雾机具，用于小麦、棉花、玉米、大豆等作物的除草剂、杀菌剂和杀虫剂喷雾作业。随着农业种植结构调整和规模化程度的提高，大田喷杆喷雾技术将会发挥越来越重要的作用。本文设计的自走式喷杆喷雾机是一种间距可调式喷雾机，可以用于大豆、玉米、小麦等多种作物进行农药喷洒。本次设计能使喷杆喷雾机的应用范围以及应用人群都大大提升，同时保证打药过程中农药的利用率以及均匀度。本设计的主要通过对原始数据的分析、方案的论证比较与选择完成了喷雾机的总体设计，调距结构的设计以及传动方案的选择等内容，使设计具有了更朴实的使用价值。关键词：关键词：自走式；可调距；喷雾机IIAbstractAs a Chinese saying goes,The country is based on the people,and food is the people.China is not only a big agricultural country,but also a populous country.It has created the miracle of raising 20 percent of the worlds population with five percent of the land,but there is still a big gap between China and a world agricultural power.In recent years,the country has paid more and more attention to the agriculture,rural areas and farmers issues,but the continuous reduction of arable land area is still not optimistic.Chinas four major grain crops wheat,rice,corn,potato still maintain the tight balance between supply and demand,so far the market demand for agrochemical products will not change.This requires us to need a high yield and stable yield of food crops to meet peoples daily needs.At this time,the importance of plant protection machinery is reflected.Plant protection is an important link to ensure the high yield and stable yield of agriculture,and to achieve a comprehensive harvest,and plant protection machinery is an essential production tool to achieve this purpose.Accelerating the mechanization of plant protection and improving the ability to prevent and control plant diseases,insects and insect pests have become the inevitable choice to ensure food security and promote the sustainable agricultural development in China.The most frequently used in plant protection machinery is the spray rod spraying machinery.Foreign large-scale advanced spray machinery plays an important role in ensuring the high growth and yield of crops,but due to its expensive price and the complexity of operation,the number of spray rod sprayer in China is not high.Spray rod sprayer is powered by the engine,equipped with horizontal spray rod or boom rod(vertical spray rod)sprayer,can be widely used in crops before sowing,before seedling soil treatment,chemical treatment of grass damage and pest control and other crop growth periods.The spray rod sprayer is convenient to move,wide spray width,uniform spraying,high efficiency,and it is an ideal field crop plant protection machinery,which plays a huge role in the vast agricultural areas of China.The most common machine carrying human spray operation in field crops is the field spray rod sprayer.This self-walking rod spraying method has high operation efficiency and uniform distribution of pesticide deposition,which is not only suitable for the prevention and control of diseases,insect pests and pests in large areas of farmland,but also suitable for the needs of plant growth regulator in large surface spraying.It is an ideal spray technology suitable for field crops.Chinas plant protection machinery manufacturers timely developed and launched a batch of light field spray rod spray machines,used for herbicide,fungicide IIIand insecticide spray operations of wheat,cotton,corn,soybean and other crops.With the adjustment of agricultural planting structure and the improvement of scale,the field spray rod spray technology will play an increasingly important role.The self-propelled spray sprayer designed in this paper is a spacing adjustable sprayer,which can be used in soybean,corn,and wheat.This design can greatly improve the application range and application population of the spray machine,and ensure the utilization rate and uniformity of pesticides in the process of spraying.This design mainly through the analysis of the original data,the comparison and selection of the scheme to complete the overall design of the sprayer,the distance structure design and the selection of the transmission scheme,so that the design has a more simple use value.Key words:self-propelled;adjustable range;sprayer目 录目 录摘 要.IAbstract.II1 绪论.11.1 课题研究的意义.11.2 国外喷雾机发展状况.21.3 国内喷杆喷雾机发展状况.31.4 我国喷杆喷雾机的研究方向.41.5 国内外喷杆喷雾机存在的问题.61.6 研究的内容和方法.61.7 预期目标.71.8 重点研究的关键问题及解决思路.72 喷杆喷雾机总体设计.82.1 自走式喷杆喷雾机的结构及工作原理.82.2 机架设计.92.3 驾驶座上方密封装置的设计.92.4 后轮支架的设计.92.5 药箱的设计.103 喷雾机的典型类型及喷雾机关键部件的选择.123.1 喷雾机几种典型类型.123.2 喷头的典型类型.123.3 我国喷雾机械配套用的泵的典型类型.133.4 喷雾机关键部件方案的选择.144 零部件